Upstream-Downstream Strategies for Flood Control

Forest management strategies that give pressure on watershed functions obviously can not be released to the effort setting the upstream and downstream relationships in a fair, transparent and accountable. So far upstream is always positioned as the party who sacrificed, for example in the case of construction of dams for irrigation purposes and power development, land conservation costs are borne by society only upstream, low self worth from a variety of upstream products and so forth. While many downstream of a position as a party who wins, because it is free to receive a variety of environmental services from upstream, either in the form of clean water, electricity, irrigation flow and mineral wealth.

Avicennia marina Plants Sea Pollution As The Neutralizing

In general, pollution is defined as the process went or the inclusion of living things, matter, energy or other component into an environment (water, soil, air) and / or changes in the quality of the environment by human activities or natural processes so that quality is going down to a certain point which causes environment becomes less or is unable to function as intended. At the present time the Indonesian sea conditions are very poor. High marine pollution due to the destruction of coral fish bombs, made a number of marine biota including fish, the more difficult to breed.

Prospect of Community Forest in Indonesia

Noting the economic and social conditions of forests in Indonesia are relatively has some similarities with conditions in other tropical countries, the real prospects for the Community Forest has been developed in Indonesia in the future. Although, there are opinions that say that the new society included in the forest after the forest management needs to be rehabilitated. Why? Because in tropical countries like Indonesia, forests are a source of livelihood for many communities. There are still many people whose lives depend on forests and forest resources, either directly or indirectly. With community based forest management, forests not only provide benefits to a handful of people, eg owners of forest concessions, but the benefits are more equitably.

Watershed Management

The river is etched on the surface of the earth that is naturally collector and distributor of water flow and material brought back from the upstream to downstream of a drainage area to a higher place of the lower and eventually empties into the sea. Areas where river water obtained is called a rain catchment Watershed.

In simple terms, a basin bounded by two ridges which act as water catchment area (catchment area). Water that falls between the two ridge will flow through the tributaries which then accumulates in the main river channel towards the sea.

Establishment of Production Forest Unitary

Ecolabel  formally enacted since 2000, which is marked by the enactment of ecolabel certification for each forest product (Green Product). Timber forest products must meet the criteria for Green Product, if produced from sustainable forest management, which is a management and utilization of forest resources in order to obtain an optimal forest production, while providing services, environment and forest ecosystems in proportion to social services and sustainable.

Forest Damage and Its Problems

The process of degradation of forest resources for more or less within a period of 20 years can not be separated from issues related to forest management systems that are not transparent, not follow the principles of sustainable forest management, did not heed the principles of justice and not be able to develop the economy of the people especially they are highly dependent lives with the forest resources. Damage to forest resources has an impact large enough and covers aspects of environmental, economic, institutional, and political science primarily related to accessibility to forest resources.

Non-Wood For Commodity Ecotourism

Recreation usual places of entertainment such as amusement parks, cinemas and late bloom play in shopping malls. But not a few people who want to seek pleasure in the outdoor (out door recreation) to enjoy the fresh air, beautiful scenery and natural atmosphere is comfortable, and enjoy the stunning landscape. Everyone has a different preference levels of the area that became the attraction. This causes the needs of the community will be increased tourism. With the increasing demand of tourism, the current tourism activities has been intensified. In addition to fulfilling the needs of the tourists can also increase the welfare of the surrounding community. 

Bamboo Forest Folk

Wealth of non-timber forest products are part of the wealth of forest resources in Indonesia may be one alternative to reducing the use of wood in the forest are increasingly limited existence. Bamboo one of them, now highly developed use. At first only as household goods, are now increasingly evolved into a variety of industrial purposes, so for people in rural areas are categorized as primary support their economy.

One thing that is profitable from the bamboo plant is growing quite done only once, easily grown in suitable habitat and then stayed to harvest it. In the course of growth is affected by the ecological conditions, cropping patterns and appropriate maintenance techniques and thus environmental factors are important to know in order to produce optimally.

Benefits of Forestry Moratorium

There are seven useful if we want to do actions Timber Pause. Logging interval [a moratorium on logging] is the freezing or suspension of the entire large-scale logging activities (scale industries) for certain temporary until a desired condition is reached.

The advantage of logging interval (a moratorium on logging):

- Holding down the rate of rainforest destruction in Indonesia;

- Able to monitor illegal logging and ambushes;

- Opportunity forestry industry restructuring;

- Set the tenure rights of forest resources;

- Increasing the resources of non-timber forest;

- Correcting the domestic timber market distortions;

- Restructuring and rationalization of the wood processing industry;

- Correcting over-capacity industry;

- Forcing the industry to improve the efficiency of raw materials and build the plant forests.

Urban Greening

Reforestation in the broadest sense is all the power to restore, maintain and improve land conditions in order to produce and function optimally, both their function as water or environmental protection. There is also a saying that the greening of the city is an effort to green the city by implementing the management of city parks, neighborhood parks, green lines and so on. In this urban greening is an open space-filling activities in the urban areas. In the process of photosynthesis of green plants take CO2 and took the role of C6H12O6 and O2 are desperately needed living things. Therefore, the role of green plants are needed to capture the CO2 and release O2 back into the air. In addition, various metabolic processes of green plants can provide various functions for the needs of living things that can improve environmental quality.

Social and Economic Aspects of Iron Wood (Ulin)

Ironwood tree or ulin is one of Borneo's original strong famous and durable and has many benefits. Based its privileges until today to find ulin activity or work of building materials from ulin still on going, and sometimes uncontrollably. Ulin exploitation activities which resulted in uncontrolled ulin potential has decreased drastically. If the remaining can only be found in abundance in the forest areas protected or conservation areas in the hinterland far from the settlement. The condition now shows that ironwood is increasingly scarce and difficult to obtain due to the exploitation that has done well is not controlled by local communities or by other parties. This leaves a deep concern about the scarcity of our ulin for worse that no attempt regeneration or rescue efforts undertaken significant.

Productivity Enhancement of Tropical Forest

Increasing forest productivity declines with increasing rate of deforestation, illegal logging and conversion of forest land. While demand for forest products continues to increase along with the rate of population growth and industrial property. This causes the imbalance of supply and demand of forest products. The supply of forest products is closely related to the productivity of forest, if you want to increased the supply of forest productivity should be increased.

Current forest condition decreased their productivity along with reduced forest area. According to the results of arrange to utilize the agreement forest, Indonesian forest area recorded 143.57 million hectares. But within 20 years the forest area of Indonesia lived 109.37 million hectares.

Maintenance Technical Guidelines Closure Through Seeds

Materials and tools required :

Polybag size 10 cm x 15 cm, media planting: topsoil (humus), compost and sand (2:1:1) (no chemical fertilizers), bamboo for making shield (depending on size of shield), plastic clear (to shield), duct tape, wrist straps.

Site Selection

Location seedbed should be in the shaded area (under the stands). Avoid placement of the seeds are directly under the hot sun. If there is no adequate shelter stands, can be installed shading net with the percentage of 50-75% (shading not placed directly above the shield). Location should also close to the water source.

Save Our Forest to Action Protect Climate

The countries with the rate of deforestation in the world such as Indonesia, Brazil and Congo became the drivers of gas-emissions of greenhouse gases and accelerate the impact of disturbed climate change we have felt. Indonesia is losing forest faster than countries in the world other owners. Indonesian forests decreased 1.8 million hectares per year, placing Indonesia ranked third emissioner state gas-greenhouse gases in the world. Deforestation is the main source of emissions of Indonesia. Until now, Indonesia has lost three-quarters of its natural forest area (about 72%) and from this amount 40% has been lost at all.

Curing Disease But Not Symptoms

Settings on Indigenous Peoples, can be inferred from the two assumptions set out. Firstly, the possibility of indigenous peoples do a series of activities inside and outside the forest area with a potentially damaging, or sustainability of forest ecosystem function. Second, the possibility of indigenous peoples do exploit slowly of forests that have been declared as state forests. Two assumptions are made suspicion pitched recognition arrangements are conditional indigenous peoples.

Seed Production Techniques Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm and Binn) Through Stek

Increasing scarcity of wood such as ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm and Binn) is very alarming. We have to kind of tree regeneration ulin still rely heavily on natural regeneration potential, whereas the artificial regeneration on a large scale had never been done. That the type of flowering time in different places ulin irregular. So very difficult to rely on artificial regeneration of generative with seeds. Seed ulin take a long time sometimes up to one year to germinate. There are two kinds of difficulties that arise for the regeneration of ulin. First, how to get the plants growing together with the seeds that germinate very slowly and irregularly. Second, how to ensure the necessary shade to the process of germination and early growth and so on.

How the Complexity Managing the Indonesian Forest

Indonesian forest resources is a gift of God Almighty as a buffer of life through a variety of functions. Resulted in the loss of forest functions such as flood disasters, drought loss of biodiversity, food reserves, reserve medicines, timber and non timber, and others. Therefore, the forest resources is a subject and object of its strategic development. Development of forestry for development outside the forestry activities currently carried out, is not fully appreciate the value of the lost forest benefits. The value of forest benefits include land compensation in the form of compensation, but difficult to obtain land compensation. Therefore, we need a replacement value of the land compensation.

Forestry Sector Need Breakthrough

Among foresters encourage others to remain optimistic despite the forestry sector was slow. Foresters need to continue to make breakthroughs in the field of education and business world in order to survive the forestry sector. Thus surfaced in Chat Rimbawan Mulawarman theme "Forestry Education and Competency Graduate Prospects, Faculty of Forestry National Forestry World Awakening", in Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan. Coordinator of Industrial Plantation Forest Buffer PT Sumalindo Lestari Jaya, Tbk, Setiono Topandi argued, natural forests will not be able to function as a provider of raw materials. Can replace industrial forest plantations is HTI (Timber Industrial Forest).

Prospect Cultivation Gaharu In Brief

In accordance with the conditions of natural habitats, aloes grow well in lowland to hilly (<750 metres above sea level). Type of Aquilaria spp. grow optimally in soils Podsolik yellow red, sandy clay with moderate to good drainage, climate AB, humidity 80%, temperature 22-28 degrees Celsius, rainfall 2000-4000 mm/yr. Gaharu trees do not grow well in the land was inundated, swamp, solum thickness of less than 50 cm soil, quartz sand, soil with a pH <4.

Pig and aloes which was just obtained from the direct nature can be cultivated now as plantation crops/other plantations. Mastery of engineering/stimulate the appearance of pig aloe provides the opportunity for enterprise and gaharu tree cultivation is more promising, from seeding, nursery, land preparation, planting, maintenance, engineering inoculation (income-forming fungi Fusarium) and harvesting. Inoculation after gaharu trees 4-5 years old. And after 1-2 years and then be harvested.

Development of Botanical Garden in Lombok Island

Related development Lombok Botanical Garden, Lombok Timur regency government will do Environmental Impact Analysis. As the next stage of the development plan Lombok Botanical Garden, Lombok Tumur regency government in the near future will be to study Environmental Impact Analysis (EIA) after the previous Master Plan development Lombok Botanical Garden have been completed by the Department of Public Works.

According to the Head of Forestry and Plantations Lombok Timur Regency Ir. H. Soemantoro, development Lombok Botanical Garden is an initiative of the Central Government wants every province has a botanical garden. From 33 Provinces in Indonesia, the government prioritizes the development of the Botanic Garden in 5 Provinces. And West Nusa Tenggara is one of them.

Forest Condition in Indonesia

Indonesia has 10 percent the world's tropical forests remaining. Indonesian forests have 12 percent from the number of species of mammals, 16 percent owners of species of reptiles and amphibious animals, 1519 species of birds and 25 percent of world's fish species. Some of them are endemic or found only in those areas. Size native Indonesia's natural forests shrank at a pace that is very worrying. Until now, Indonesia has lost the original forest by 72 percent. Indonesian deforestation uncontrolled for decades and caused shrinkage of tropical forests on a large scale. The rate of forest destruction period 1985-1997 was recorded 1.6 million hectares per year, while in 1997-2000 period to 3.8 million hectares per year.