Upstream-Downstream Strategies for Flood Control

Forest management strategies that give pressure on watershed functions obviously can not be released to the effort setting the upstream and downstream relationships in a fair, transparent and accountable. So far upstream is always positioned as the party who sacrificed, for example in the case of construction of dams for irrigation purposes and power development, land conservation costs are borne by society only upstream, low self worth from a variety of upstream products and so forth. While many downstream of a position as a party who wins, because it is free to receive a variety of environmental services from upstream, either in the form of clean water, electricity, irrigation flow and mineral wealth.

This is a fact that during normal development tends to downstream, such as intensification of wetland post green revolution, the development of physical infrastructure, economic and social institutions. While the portraits are generally relatively underdeveloped upstream, the physical infrastructure and inadequate social and economic institutions that have not been developed. This disparity occurs because the downstream city usually connotes that in fact the place of policy formulation and accumulated capital-intensive investment, while the upstream is a rube. The implication of new upstream is considered important in determining the strategies to protect their own interests instead often overlooked upstream.

Another thing that makes the gap between the upstream and downstream is that clean air and water produced from upstream is classified as a public good, the people downstream who breathe air and clean water do not feel the need to contribute to the cost of rehabilitation of the forest as a producer source. Until now, various industrial activities in the downstream region which harm the environment, air pollution and depletion of ground water, are not included in the cost of production, so in economics known as externalities.