Upstream-Downstream Strategies for Flood Control

Forest management strategies that give pressure on watershed functions obviously can not be released to the effort setting the upstream and downstream relationships in a fair, transparent and accountable. So far upstream is always positioned as the party who sacrificed, for example in the case of construction of dams for irrigation purposes and power development, land conservation costs are borne by society only upstream, low self worth from a variety of upstream products and so forth. While many downstream of a position as a party who wins, because it is free to receive a variety of environmental services from upstream, either in the form of clean water, electricity, irrigation flow and mineral wealth.

Avicennia marina Plants Sea Pollution As The Neutralizing

In general, pollution is defined as the process went or the inclusion of living things, matter, energy or other component into an environment (water, soil, air) and / or changes in the quality of the environment by human activities or natural processes so that quality is going down to a certain point which causes environment becomes less or is unable to function as intended. At the present time the Indonesian sea conditions are very poor. High marine pollution due to the destruction of coral fish bombs, made a number of marine biota including fish, the more difficult to breed.

Prospect of Community Forest in Indonesia

Noting the economic and social conditions of forests in Indonesia are relatively has some similarities with conditions in other tropical countries, the real prospects for the Community Forest has been developed in Indonesia in the future. Although, there are opinions that say that the new society included in the forest after the forest management needs to be rehabilitated. Why? Because in tropical countries like Indonesia, forests are a source of livelihood for many communities. There are still many people whose lives depend on forests and forest resources, either directly or indirectly. With community based forest management, forests not only provide benefits to a handful of people, eg owners of forest concessions, but the benefits are more equitably.

Watershed Management

The river is etched on the surface of the earth that is naturally collector and distributor of water flow and material brought back from the upstream to downstream of a drainage area to a higher place of the lower and eventually empties into the sea. Areas where river water obtained is called a rain catchment Watershed.

In simple terms, a basin bounded by two ridges which act as water catchment area (catchment area). Water that falls between the two ridge will flow through the tributaries which then accumulates in the main river channel towards the sea.

Establishment of Production Forest Unitary

Ecolabel  formally enacted since 2000, which is marked by the enactment of ecolabel certification for each forest product (Green Product). Timber forest products must meet the criteria for Green Product, if produced from sustainable forest management, which is a management and utilization of forest resources in order to obtain an optimal forest production, while providing services, environment and forest ecosystems in proportion to social services and sustainable.

Forest Damage and Its Problems

The process of degradation of forest resources for more or less within a period of 20 years can not be separated from issues related to forest management systems that are not transparent, not follow the principles of sustainable forest management, did not heed the principles of justice and not be able to develop the economy of the people especially they are highly dependent lives with the forest resources. Damage to forest resources has an impact large enough and covers aspects of environmental, economic, institutional, and political science primarily related to accessibility to forest resources.

Non-Wood For Commodity Ecotourism

Recreation usual places of entertainment such as amusement parks, cinemas and late bloom play in shopping malls. But not a few people who want to seek pleasure in the outdoor (out door recreation) to enjoy the fresh air, beautiful scenery and natural atmosphere is comfortable, and enjoy the stunning landscape. Everyone has a different preference levels of the area that became the attraction. This causes the needs of the community will be increased tourism. With the increasing demand of tourism, the current tourism activities has been intensified. In addition to fulfilling the needs of the tourists can also increase the welfare of the surrounding community.